The Impact Of Religion On The Oklahoma Police Captain

The main concern of the politics that is happening with the Oklahoma police captain is that he is suing his supervisor for ordering a mandatory attendance of the Islamic group events. The problem that arises from here is that Captain Paul fields claimed that he was ordered to assign police officers to attend a law enforcement appreciation day at the Islamic Society of Tulsa. Paul refused the order because it went against his religious belief. Now he is being held under investigation for refusing to take orders from a higher ranking officer. Police Chief Chuck Jordan the higher ranking officer is now saying â€Å"I would never assign a police officer to participate in a religious service, this is about a group of people who bonded together†¦show more content†¦If the highest ranking officer had worded his phrase a little differently then I think all of this could have been avoided. Personally I felt that their communication between each other cut off somewhere for this event to arise. The main concern for Palm Beach county corrections is that they have arrested officers on drugs and bribery charges. Being in the corrections facility is a stressful job in itself because you have to deal with the inmates. But it is also stressful for others in a way that they become tempted to commit crimes and help inmates with drug trafficking. These factors played a huge outcome in this event because the correctional officers that took the risk of helping the inmates are now being charged for drug trafficking and are being incarcerated. They put their job on the line to sell drugs to inmates just to get extra money. The problems that arise are work related because inmates pressure the correctional officers into doing their bidding for them. The things that could have been done differently to minimize incidents like this would be to have the highest ranking officers check on their correctional officers more often to make sure that they were following protocol and that they weren’t doing anything illegal. If they kept their staff members in check then I don’t see what problems they would have. Also if they make

Effect Of The On Human Mental Health And Cognition Essay

There is an emerging revolution in global drug policies, with significant changes to the long-held western model of prohibition (Taylor, Buchanan and Ayres 2016), where policies to decriminalise recreational consumption are developing. 3,4methylenedioxymethamphetamine, with popular epithets MDMA and Ecstasy, is one such popular narcotic up for debate (McDowell and Kleber, 1994; RNZ 2015; Taylor et al., 2016). The National Institute on Drug Abuse (2013) estimates 26.2 percent of Americans have tried MDMA at least once, with those rates increasing (McDowell Kleber 1994). It is emerging a lack of evidence, efficacy and justice are behind current restrictions (Boland, 2008; Pryce, 2012; RNZ, 2015; GCDP, 2014). Throughout this problem-solving essay, topics will be discussed surrounding justification for MDMA declassification, and if it truly does affect human mental health and cognition as currently proposed. To understand MDMA popularity, it must first be understood the human physiological effects. Both psychedelic and stimulatory, effects may include colour, image and mood alterations, a yearning to dance, coupled with an increased level of energy and sexual arousal; depleting within four to six hours (Davison and Parrot, 1997; Ramsey, 2015). MDMA increases the neurotransmitters dopamine, serotonin and noradrenaline within the central nervous system, coupling effects by hindering reuptake pathways; it is non-addictive compared with other popular narcotics (Downing, 1986;Show MoreRelatedI Find This Journal Article Interesting As It Discussed1335 Words   |  6 Pageslate-life cognitive and emotional health. It is relevant in my age group, particularly in my husband’s case who is in his mid-thirties. Although I have been aware of the implications of certain psychosocial factors in someone’s well-being, I wanted to know the other aspects of midlife psychosocial development a nd its effect as the person ages. 2. A summary of related literature or studies Erikson’s psychosocial development theory became the foundation of understanding human development across the lifespanRead MoreThe Effects Of Midlife Psychosocial Development On Cognitive And Emotional Health1331 Words   |  6 Pageslate-life cognitive and emotional health. It is relevant in my age group particularly in my husband’s case who is in his mid-thirties. Although I have been aware of the implications of certain psychosocial factors in someone’s well-being, I wanted to know the other aspects of midlife psychosocial development and its effect as the person ages. 2. Summary of related literature or studies Erikson’s psychosocial development theory became the foundation of understanding human development across the lifespanRead MoreSocial Media And Its Effect On Social Interaction1476 Words   |  6 Pagesprocessing and piecing together the world around them, establishing future health and behavioral patterns. It is important to study the neurological and developmental effects of social media to understand its influence on social interaction and mental health patterns. The present paper will review literature focusing on the adoption of computer-mediated communication (CMC) and its impact on adolescents well-being, social cognition, and real world interactions. In contrast to other age groups, the widespreadRead MoreEnvironmental Psychology Article Analysis1058 Words   |  4 Pagesthe week and strong points of the article and most importantly the impact that the article has on the field of environmental psychology will be discussed in the paper. 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Advertising moulds the attitudes of the person as well as of the society and they certainly influence behaviour of the customers

Intro to Sociology Observation Essay - 1873 Words

â€Å"Observation at Local Fast Food Restaurant During Lunch† Author: XXXXX XXXXX XXX University Introduction to Sociology â€Å"Observation at Local Fast Food Restaurant at Lunch† Have you ever tried listening to everything going on at the same time at a fast food restaurant during the lunch time rush hour? Well, I did and I am going to share the results of my whirlwind encounter last week. Within my observation, I will go over the layout of the establishment in which my observation was conducted, as well as who came to the establishment, the conversations and the interactions that took place. I hope you enjoy my observation and respect my findings from this visit. The place I chose for my observation is approximately†¦show more content†¦When I sat down there were two African-American women approximately 30 years old, seated with two children each. One set of children were approximately two years old, a boy and a girl. Their focus is basically assisting their French fries make it to their mouths. The other set of children are both boys. One is approximately three years old and the other looks to be about seven years old. I cannot tell who the Mother is to either set of children, and who is responsible for them. Both women are attending to the smaller children equally. One of the women is very pregnant. The pregnant woman takes the trays to the trash as the other tightens the sippy-cup’s lids of the three younger children. The two year old boy put a toy in his mouth and one of the women told him to stop it. When the non-pregnant woman allowed the young children to swap an airplane toy for an Iron Man figure, the two ye ar old boy started crying. It was apparent at that point, who the mother was as she got up to go do something out of my sight, and the young two year old boy turned around and started crying with outstretched arms. Behind me, there are two ladies and a young boy. Both women appear to be of Asian descent. One appears to be approximately forty years old and the other looks to be in her mid to late sixties, and the small boy that appeared to beShow MoreRelatedBriefly Outline the Distinctive Features of the Sociological Approach to Understanding Human Life and the Illustrate How You Would Use Sociology to Make Sense of Globalisation.1554 Words   |  7 PagesSociology is the systematic, sceptical and critical study of the way that people do things together .It’s not a science that simply lists facts and figures about society. Instead it becomes a form of consciousness, a way of thinking, a critical way of seeing the world. It welcomes you to challenge the obvious, to question the world as it is taken for granted and to de-familiarising the familiar. This is what empowers critical thinking which triggers the development of the understanding of the humanRead MoreThe Social Setting Within Je lly s1438 Words   |  6 Pagesyou think that your complete participant observation techniques gave you something more than a complete observer method, like the one I used, would? EA: For this particular study, I think the complete participant gave me an edge. These people didn’t really know I was studying them, so I know I can rely on them to act as they would normally. I wouldn’t want my data to be biased because my subjects knew they were being studied. LM: I think both observation techniques have their strengths. The thirdRead MoreSociological Exploration Or Research Is A Complex Process1333 Words   |  6 PagesJennifer Wilson Intro to Sociology Professor Hartley Essay #2 Essay#2 Sociological exploration or research is a complex process. At what time a scientist attempts to figure out the way the natural world works, he will utilize experiments to search for the cause and effect. In other words, they construct an experiment so they can observe or evaluate any change in one entity and cause another to vary in a repetitive way. When things change within an experiment they are called variables. A â€Å"variable†Read MoreIs Education An Agent Of Socialization? Essay1607 Words   |  7 PagesIntro: Because education plays an important role in one’s development, I believe it necessary to critically analyze its role on negative teenage mentality. Despite education’s increased popularity in America and its evolution into a common, beneficial threshold of success and opportunity, the view of teenagers towards school still remains overall pessimistic, perhaps more now than ever before (Kohn). 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Geography And Climate Ancient Egypt - 1443 Words

Location, Geography and Climate Ancient Egypt is known to have been the world’s longest lasting civilization due to their unique climatic and geographic conditions, a stable hierarchical society of government, and a religion that revolves around death and afterlife. Egypt’s glory went on for over four millennia from around 5500 B.C.E. to its conquest by the Greek in 332 B.C.E. Egypt is located in the northern edge of the Sahara desert, with the river Nile dissecting the land from the south to the north. Herodotus, a Greek Historian, in the fifth century wrote about his travels in Egypt where he portrayed the importance of the beautiful Nile as: â€Å" Egypt is the gift of the Nile. (1)† From the beginning the greatness of Egypt came from the Nile (figure 1). The Nile was an artery of Egypt that connected the Upper and Lower side of Egypt and also offered them protection from any outside invasion. The Nile was a paradise for people as its fresh water overflowed its bank yearly creating a fertile valley. As Egypt is a hot and dry place with very few trees and vegetation, over time, people started to settle along the borders of the Nile, where they started to develop strong agricultural communities. Due to the lack of intensity and predictability of the Niles seasons, it allowed the Egyptians to become successful, as it was cooler and easier to harvest crops. The Egyptians then began to build canals, terraced fields and ditches to control water and increasing their cropShow MoreRelatedAncient Mesopotamia And Egypt Different1029 Words   |  5 PagesAncient Mesopotamia Egypt; Different The Same Long before you and I today were societies in formation. These fascinating societies took place in Mesopotamia and Egypt in ancient times. Many factors contributed to the similarities and the differences that occurred between the two; including geography, religion, and social structures. 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Improving The Design Of Buildings After 9 11 Environmental Sciences Essay Free Essays

string(279) " to rate the ability of these edifices to defy accidents and onslaughts \( V5 to V6 \) on a five-point Likert graduated table, where 1 denotes â€Å" strongly disagree † , 3 denotes â€Å" neither agree nor disagree † and 5 denotes â€Å" strongly agree † \." Following the terrorist onslaught on the New York World Trade Center in 2001, this paper seeks to look into the design features that would heighten the safety of tall edifices. Design/methodology/approach – Using a questionnaire, informations have been collected via electronic mails and by station from designers and civil applied scientists ( AEs ) in Singapore. Structured interviews were conducted with public governments. We will write a custom essay sample on Improving The Design Of Buildings After 9 11 Environmental Sciences Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Findingss – The consequences show that AEs perceive tall edifices to be by and large safe in footings of structural design, fire safety characteristics and agencies of flight. The consequences besides show that AEs confirm the demand to better the safety of tall edifices further, are doing an attempt to turn to the heightened safety concern, will give full support to enterprises to turn to heightened safety concerns, will hold to carry on hazard appraisal during the design stage and will welcome a performance-based design codification. AEs do non hold that edifices should be designed to defy hydrocarbon fires or aircraft onslaughts. The study consequences further reveal that the four most effectual methods to better the safety of tall edifices are supplying issue marks with illuming at floor degrees, a separate design codification for super tall edifices, supplying fire safety and deliverance floors, and the decentalisation of fire systems. Originality/value – The importance of this paper is that it investigates the safety characteristics and steps that can cast some visible radiation on heightening the safety of tall edifices. The findings may be used by constructing governments to explicate future steps and codifications to better heighten the safety of tall edifices. Based on the findings, farther research on each executable method of bettering the safety of tall edifices may be undertaken. The unprecedented devastation of the New York World Trade Center ( WTC ) by terrorists on September 11, 2001 ( 9/11 ) signified new menaces to tall icon edifices and has led to heightened concerns over the safety facets of tall edifices. Present safety characteristics in tall edifices might be unequal in get bying with such hazards, particularly when current edifice design and building have concentrated on the more normal types of accidents and catastrophes that can bechance constructions and their residents. There may be a demand to do edifices more robust and to guarantee better protection for a edifice ‘s residents. After 9/11, some issues need to be addressed. For illustration, is it necessary to guarantee that edifices are capable of defying the sort of impact suffered by the WTC? In reevaluating the hazards to the built environment, should edifices be designed to defy aircraft onslaughts, or simply to guarantee that there is sufficient clip for the residents to evacuate before the edifice prostrations? The aims of this survey are: to look into how safe tall edifices are/should be ; and to analyze the feasibleness of assorted methods to better the design of tall edifices to do them safer. The positions of designers and civil applied scientists ( AEs ) and relevant edifice governments in Singapore were obtained through a questionnaire study and interviews. Singapore is a relevant state for this survey to be conducted because it is a little city state, where land is scarce, and tower block, high-density life is the norm. Singapore besides likely has one of the highest concentrations of tall edifices per hectare of land in the universe. The importance of this paper is that it investigates the safety characteristics and steps that can cast some visible radiation on heightening the safety of tall edifices. The findings may be used by constructing governments to explicate future steps and codifications to better heighten the safety of tall edifices. Based on the findings, farther research on each executable method of bettering the safety of tall edifices may be undertaken. Proposed methods to better safety of tall edifices To measure the deductions of 9/11, the USA and the UK edifice governments and other related authorities bureaus have established groups and undertaking forces consisting edifice experts around the universe. These groups and undertaking forces seek to place life-safety issues and suggest new methods to better the public presentation of future tall edifices and guarantee sufficient emptying clip for edifice residents. In planing edifices against menace, Mr Robert Prieto, of Parsons Brinckerhoff, Inc. , highlighted the three Rs of menace design: â€Å" Design to defy the menace. Design to react to the menace. Design to retrieve from the menace † ( Post, 2001a ) . From a literature reappraisal, some of the methods that have been suggested by applied scientists and practicians in an attempt to better the safety public presentation of tall edifices are summarized in Table I. Column 2 of Table I shows that there are 23 possible ways to better the safety of tall edifices. These are categorized into five chief headers: structural design ; fire technology ; agencies of flight ; stuffs engineering ; and codifications and ordinances. How executable these methods will be is still unknown and remains to be determined. Therefore, this paper aims to happen out the suitableness of these methods by proving them in the field. Methodology The survey comprised a sample study and structured interviews to garner the positions of AEs and edifice governments, severally. The intent of the study was to happen out AEs ‘ perceptual experiences of the safety of tall edifices in Singapore and the feasibleness of steps that could be adopted to better the safety degrees of tall edifices. The intent of the interviews was to analyze the edifice governments ‘ attempts in turn toing the safety of tall edifices after 9/11. A questionnaire was designed for the study. The first subdivision of the questionnaire sought to find the profile and demographic inside informations of the respondents. In the 2nd subdivision, respondents were asked to rate the safety degree of tall edifices in Singapore ( V1 to V4 ) on a ten-point Likert graduated table, where 1 denotes â€Å" really insecure † , 5 denotes â€Å" satisfactory † and 10 denotes â€Å" really safe † . They were besides asked to rate the ability of these edifices to defy accidents and onslaughts ( V5 to V6 ) on a five-point Likert graduated table, where 1 denotes â€Å" strongly disagree † , 3 denotes â€Å" neither agree nor disagree † and 5 denotes â€Å" strongly agree † . You read "Improving The Design Of Buildings After 9 11 Environmental Sciences Essay" in category "Essay examples" The respondents ‘ positions on the heightened safety concern and the critical issues related to 9/11 ( V7 to V16 ) were besides obtained utilizing the same five-point Likert graduated table. The 3rd subdivision sought to find the feasibleness and pertinence of the methods uncovered from the literature reappraisal. Respondents were asked to bespeak whether they thought the proposed method should be adopted, non adopted, or were diffident. They were besides encouraged to notice and give grounds for their responses. The complete mail study bundle comprised a screen missive, the questionnaire and a stamped, self-addressed and envelope. Data for the study were collected via electronic mail, surface mail and telephone. AEs were targeted for the study because the work that they do is straight relevant to constructing safety. Eighty and 160 questionnaires were sent to randomly selected AEs in the public and private sectors, severally. Public-sector AEs were identified through the Singapore Government ‘s published directory. Private-sector AEs were obtained from Internet Yellow Pages ( 2002a, B, degree Celsius ) . Besides the study, structured interviews were conducted with authorities functionaries from the Building and Construction Authority ( BCA ) and the Fire Safety and Shelter Bureau ( FSSB ) . The intent of the interviews was to happen out their attempts in turn toing the safety of tall edifices. The BCA was selected because it is the chief regulator of Singapore ‘s building industry ( Building and Construction Authority, 2002a, B ) . The FSSB is the local authorization in fire safety and bomb shelter ordinances ( Singapore Civil Defence Force, 2002 ) . E-mails explicating the intent of the research were sent to the governments to bespeak permission to carry on the interviews. Agreements for the interview Sessionss were so made with interviewees who were involved in the reappraisal of edifice safety after 9/11. Survey consequences and informations analysis Thirty-four questionnaires were received, giving an overall response rate of 14 per centum. The public sector response rate ( 28 per centum ) was higher than the private sector response rate ( 8 per centum ) . The good response rate from public-sector respondents may be because the several Human Resource Departments agreed to administer the questionnaires. The low response rate from the private sector respondents may be because these AEs felt that their chief duty is to follow the design codifications, and it is up to the authorities to alter the codifications. To increase the response rate, phone calls were made to the AEs to bespeak their engagement. Unfortunately, some of the mark respondents were normally busy or administrative staff were loath to set the calls through. The profile of the respondents is summarized in Table II. It can be seen that the bulk of the respondents held senior places in their organisations. The bulk of the respondents were applied scientists, and many of them were from the public-sector lodging authorization. Furthermore, the bulk of the respondents ( 79 per centum ) had worked in the building industry for more than five old ages. This would do their feedback more accurate and dependable. Almost all the respondents ( 88 per centum ) had been involved in the building of tall residential edifices. The public-sector respondents focused more on residential edifices, while the private-sector respondents were more involved in tall commercial edifices. We now describe the profile of the interviewees. The interviewee from the BCA was a senior director who had a civil technology grade. Prior to fall ining the BCA, he had worked in the building industry for 25 old ages and was involved in the building of major substructure and edifice undertakings. The FSSB interviewee held a sheepskin in stuffs and measures in add-on to his civil technology grade. He had worked in the FSSB for more than 15 old ages and was involved in reexamining the Fire Code. The positions of these capable affair experts ( SMExperts ) were incorporated in the relevant treatment subdivisions. Datas were entered into the Statistical Package for Social Sciences ( SPSS ) package for analysis. Average evaluations for all the variables were calculated ( Table III, column 3 ) . A one-sample t-test of the mean was carried out to look into whether the population would hold with the variables surveyed. For variables V1 to V4, the void hypothesis ( H 0 ) that tall edifices are regarded as insecure and the alternate hypothesis ( H 1 ) that tall edifices are regarded as safe are set out as: H 0. I?a†°Ã‚ ¤5. H 1. I? gt ; 5. I? is the population mean, and is taken as 5 on a ten-point evaluation graduated table. For variables V5 to V16, the void hypothesis that respondents disagree with the variable and the alternate hypothesis that respondents agree with the variable are set out as: H 0. I?a†°Ã‚ ¤3. H 1. I? gt ; 3. The degree of significance ( I ± ) was set at 0.05. If the deliberate p-value is greater than or equal to 0.05, H 0 is non rejected and the consequence is non important. If the p-value is less than 0.05, H 0 is rejected and the consequence is important beyond the 5 per centum degree. The consequences are shown in Table III ( columns 4 and 5 ) . An independent samples t-test was carried out to find whether the public and private sector respondents shared the same positions on the variables surveyed or otherwise. The degree of significance ( I ± ) was besides set at 0.05. The nothing and alternate hypotheses are: H 0. I? public=I? private. H 1. I? publica†° I? private. When H 0 is non rejected, it is concluded that there is no difference in the average evaluations by both sectors. The rejection of H 0 agencies that both sectors of the building industry have differing positions with regard to the variable being tested. Levene ‘s Test was used to look into for equality of discrepancies between the two groups of respondents ( Gray and Kinnear, 1997 ) . It was found that there was no important difference, and hence a pooled estimation of the population discrepancy was used. The consequences of the t-test of the difference between agencies are given in Table III ( columns 6-9 ) . The consequences show that there is no important difference between the positions of public and private sector respondents except for point V16. In point V16, both public and private sector professionals disagreed that tall edifices should be designed to defy aeroplane onslaughts, but private sector professionals disagreed to a greater extent. In the 3rd subdivision of the questionnaire, the respondents indicated whether a suggested step should be implemented ( agree ) , non implemented ( disagree ) or they are diffident about its pertinence in bettering the safety of tall edifices. The consequences are shown in Table I ( columns 4-7 ) . The four most popular methods are: supply issue marks with illuming at floor degrees ; supply a separate design codification for ace high-rise edifices ; supply fire safety and deliverance floors ; and supply a decentralized fire system. These consequences are now discussed. How safe tall edifices are/should be The one-sample t-test consequences ( Table III ) show that in general, the respondents are of the sentiment that tall edifices in Singapore are safe ( V1 ) . They besides have more than equal structural design ( V2 ) , fire safety ( V3 ) and means of flight ( V4 ) . Among the four safety appraisal of tall edifices, the average safety evaluation for structural design is highest at 7.88. Respondents felt that this facet of the edifice is the most earnestly considered in guaranting the safety of edifices. In add-on, tall edifices will be able to defy normal accidents ( V5 ) , but will fall in upon an aircraft onslaught ( V6 ) . The above consequences may be biased towards the sentiments and perceptual experiences of the respondents. This is because the population surveyed is likely to react that edifices are safe because they are involved in the design procedure, and stating that a edifice is insecure brings into inquiry their design patterns. In add-on, a big per centum of public functionaries responded to this study. These public functionaries can non be seen to hold no assurance in the safety of tall edifices when they have a responsibility of attention to normal citizens. Of the 10 steps proposed ( V7-V16 ) , six ( V7, V9, V10, V11, V13, V14 ) are significantly of import ( p lt ; 0.05 ) . Respondents felt that there is a important demand to better the safety of tall edifices ( V7 ) . Consistent with this response, the respondents disagreed that tall edifices do non necessitate extra safety steps ( V12 ) . This shows that there is room for betterment and supports the demand to heighten edifice safety. Respondents felt that they have the expertness to better the safety of tall edifices ( V9 ) . The findings are promoting. It shows that AEs have the proficient capableness to do tall edifices even safer. The respondents besides agreed that they have made an attempt to turn to the heightened safety concern ( V10 ) . In add-on, they will give fullest support to the building industry to turn to the safety of edifices ( V11 ) . However, this issue is non their chief concern ( V8 ) , possibly because the tall edifices are already structurally safe ( V2 ) . Respondents agreed that there is a demand for hazard appraisals to be conducted on tall edifices during the design stage ( V13 ) . These hazard appraisals will help edifice interior decorators in placing the likely menaces faced by edifices ( Broughton, 2002 ; Linn, 2002 ) . Buildings are so designed to turn to the menaces to heighten their safety public presentation. Respondents besides agreed that a performance-based codification might supply better safety counsel than the normative codification for tall edifices ( V14 ) . The SMExperts revealed that the governments have already recognized the demand for a performance-based codification because it offers more flexibleness to interior decorators. For alone edifices such as airdromes and large-sized indoor bowls, interior decorators may non be able to use the conventional normative codifications straight. The findings show that respondents are opposed to planing edifices to defy hydrocarbon fires ( V15 ) and aircraft onslaughts ( V16 ) . This may be because it will be excessively expensive to construct such constructions, when the menace is improbable and unpredictable. SMExperts confirmed that edifices are designed based on possible burden events and believable jeopardies. Aircraft onslaught is non a sufficiently believable jeopardy to be considered in the design of edifices, and therefore edifice codifications do non necessitate that such events be considered for edifices in Singapore. The deduction is that edifices may non defy such utmost impact, particularly in the presence of the resulting fires because these constructions have non been designed for such menaces. SMExperts emphasized that it is more executable to concentrate on other signifiers of menaces such as truck and handheld bombs, which are physically transported by human existences. Resources should be directed towards air power and other security steps instead than to beef uping edifices against aircraft impact. Fire in edifices is a believable jeopardy which has been addressed in most edifice design. Harmonizing to the SMExperts, if edifices are improbable to see any menace posed by jet fuel, edifices need non be designed to defy hydrocarbon fires. How to plan safer tall edifices A ranking of the feasibleness of the proposed methods, based on the per centum of respondents who agreed with the method, is shown in Table I ( column 7 ) . For the intent of this survey, a proposed method is considered executable to do tall edifices safer when more than 50 per centum of the respondents agreed with it. Twelve methods are found to be executable and are discussed in the undermentioned subdivisions. Structural design Four possible methods to better the safety of tall edifices through structural design were proposed. One of these was found to be acceptable by more than 50 per centum of the respondents ( see Table I ) . The bulk of the respondents agreed with hardening of stairwells ( point 1.3 ) against blast impact. Strong stairwells are of import because flight stairwaies are the chief agencies by which edifice residents evacuate from edifices in an exigency. Existing codifications normally permit the usage of dryboards and masonry for stairwell enclosures, and these are susceptible and more prone to damage. This will do flight stairwaies to be blocked by fallen stuffs from stairwell walls. Reinforced concrete walls will hold higher opportunities of lasting a blast onslaught. It is recommended that codifications be changed to indurate stairwells. The bulk of the respondents did non hold with supplying prostration floors ( point 1.1 ) , which would be provided between, say every 10 floors, to transport the weight of the dust of the floors that prostration above it, and act as a arrest to progressive prostration ( Lane and Clark, 2001 ) . Some respondents felt that prostration floors impose significant structural demands ; for illustration, closely separated columns of larger sizes may be necessary. The bulk of the respondents did non hold with the proviso of a sacrificial facade ( item 1.2 ) . In this system, there is an exterior wall, a perpendicular air pocket behind it and another structural wall indoors. The exterior wall is designed to absorb blast impact and contain harm, and act as a first line of defense mechanism for the edifice ‘s structural unity ( Nadel, 2002 ) . Some respondents felt that this system may give architectural the look of edifices and blockade the positions of the residents. Furthermore, the facade may necessitate to be spaced far apart from the internal wall for effectivity, and this would take up valuable infinite. Respondents besides did non hold that heavy tonss should non be allowed on roofs ( point 1.4 ) . In the WTC towers, heavy tonss were placed on the roofs to stabilise the edifices ‘ wind-induced sway, but these could be a conducive factor to the prostration ( Building, 2001b ) . Some respondents felt that it is the norm to use rooftop infinite to house works and equipment such as lift motor suites and H2O armored combat vehicles, and interior decorators may confront the job of re-siting edifice services if rooftop infinite is non utilised. Furthermore, for practical grounds, some M A ; E systems rely on gravitative force per unit area to work. Fire technology Four possible methods to better the safety of tall edifices through fire technology were proposed. Three of these were found to be acceptable by more than 50 per centum of the respondents ( see Table I ) . Astaneh-Asl ‘s ( 2002 ) probe of the WTC prostration revealed that the firefighting systems were centralized at the stairway nucleus. This bunching together of the services meant that when that location was hit, the whole firefighting system may hold failed. He hence recommended that sprinkler pipes, moisture and dry risers should be decentralized, and placed at different locations of the edifice. Respondents agreed with the method ( item 2.3 ) , but some cautioned that this would take to increase in cost. A sum of 61 per centum of the respondents agreed that supplying burden detectors ( point 2.4 ) is executable, and may increase the safety of tall edifices. Load detectors can be used to understand and supervise edifice behaviour. Prompt action could be taken and exigency forces alerted one time information is fed to the monitoring system. Furthermore, burden detectors, if decently developed, are utile tools in supplying warning signals to determine whether edifices are safe for entry during an exigency event. This would supply better protection to firemans and exigency forces, as they are able to measure the hazard of partial or entire prostration of a edifice under menace. A sum of 53 per centum of the respondents agreed that supplying a separate firemans ‘ stairway is executable ( item 2.1 ) . In the WTC incident, firemans running up the stairwells rushed headfirst into office workers who were hotfooting down on the same steps ( Post et al. , 2001 ) . Respondents who objected to a separate firemans ‘ stairway argued that the current fire codification already has a dedicated lift for usage by firemans. The infinite required for a firemans ‘ stairway might be indefensible as this reduces salable infinite and may imply excess building and care costs. One respondent questioned how edifice residents could be prevented from utilizing this stairway during an exigency. Respondents did non hold to planing redundancy in fire systems ( item 2.2 ) . This may be because excess standpipes for firefighting, separate fire pump suites, excess sprinkler systems, excess fire dismay systems, and double fire bid Centres will necessarily take to be addition. Some respondents weighed the pertinence of this method against cost effectivity, long-run care, cost and clip of installing and other options. Meanss of flight Nine possible methods to better the safety of tall edifices through agencies of flight were proposed. Six of these were accepted by more than 50 per centum of the respondents ( see Table I ) . A sum of 63 per centum of the respondents agreed that wider stairwaies might be necessary for tall edifices ( item 3.3 ) because these could suit more people to rush up emptying. Unfortunately, wider stairwaies would increase cost and cut down gross due to reduced salable floor infinite. There is besides debate sing cut downing the standard breadths of stairwaies because there is rarely a demand to evacuate the whole edifice at one clip, as normally merely occupants on stray floors in the affected country demand to be evacuated ( Post and Angelo, 2001 ) . Supplying issue marks with illuming at floor degree ( item 3.4 ) received the most support from the respondents. Well-marked and lit marks are cardinal constructing design characteristics that facilitated the emptying of many edifice residents at the WTC Towers ( Federal Emergency Management Agency/American Society of Civil Engineers, 2002 ) . Such a safety characteristic would hold the extra advantage of assisting residents in following flight paths if they have to creep on the floor. However, certain issues need to be addressed, such as the care of issue marks near floor degree, which are capable to more wear and tear and hooliganism. The construct of fire safety and deliverance floors is appealing to the respondents ( point 3.5 ) . Fireproof refuge countries can harbor people in the center of an emptying and service as deliverance points ( Post, 2001a ) . These countries should non incorporate furniture, and are designed to be wholly fireproof. Some respondents commented that proprietors may non hold to supply these countries as they can non bring forth gross but alternatively incur care costs. A sum of 58 per centum of the respondents agreed to the proviso of extra stairwaies in tall edifices ( item 3.6 ) . Similarly, some respondents are concerned about infinite and cost. Some suggested that the figure of stairwaies be increased merely at lower floors to provide to the big Numberss of falling residents from upper floors. This could forestall congestion and easiness emptying, peculiarly in exigency instances affecting mass emptying of residents. This suggestion is a good via media between cost and safety. Fifty-six per centum of the respondents perceived sky Bridgess to be executable in edifices ( item 3.8 ) . Besides being an alternate flight path, sky Bridgess could function as normal entree between edifices. Twenty-six per centum of the respondents did non favor sky Bridgess in position of the possibility that the construction of the sky Bridgess might be affected when a edifice was under menace. Besides, sky Bridgess could be a agency to let the spread of fire to the other edifice. A sky span that is overloaded with escapees may fall in, doing more human deaths. Some respondents, peculiarly designers, were concerned about the aesthetics of edifices. Seventy per centum of the respondents agreed that rooftop helipads could increase the safety of tall edifices ( item 3.9 ) because residents trapped in the upper floors of tall edifices can be rescued. However, there is a bound to the figure of residents that can be rescued utilizing choppers. This construct may besides be impractical because the human inclination is to fall instead than go up to upper floors during exigency events. Furthermore, deliverance by choppers requires particular deliverance squads and accomplishments, which might non be readily available. The bulk of the respondents did non hold that fireproof lifts ( point 3.1 ) would heighten the safety of tall edifices. The chief concerns are the supply of electricity to power lifts, the demand to protect against power failure during fire, and agencies of flight if lifts fail. Some respondents pointed out that big crowds waiting at lift anterooms may do pandemonium during emptying. However, some respondents suggested that lifts are utile to evacuate the disableds, the aged and kids. Mr Jeremy Hodge, of Building Research Establishment Ltd, believed that another reply to get awaying to safety is the installing of flight chutes, which would non take up much room but would enable people to skid to the bottom really rapidly ( Lane, 2001a ) . In this survey, half the respondents felt that flight chutes were executable ( item 3.2 ) . Respondents suggested that the stuff used for the flight chutes must be fire-retardant and lasting, particularly if the system is deployed out in the unfastened. Escape chutes functioning single floors might be more efficient, and the issue points of the chutes must be decently controlled. Of the respondents that did non hold to this method, some felt that this flight means is non suited for the aged and kids. Skiding down from great highs entails high kinetic energy, and people may be injured when residents collide into one another during the sliding procedure. The bulk of the respondents besides did non hold with inward emptying ( item 3.7 ) . The chief ground for the expostulation is that residents might be trapped in the edifice. Furthermore, the human inclination would be to fly an onslaught site and people would be unwilling to wait inside a damaged edifice to be saved ( Post, 2001a ) . This expostulation by Singapore respondents is surprising because Singapore already has in topographic point an inward emptying system, in the signifier of bomb shelters being built in each high-rise flat. Behaviour of stuffs under utmost temperature Three possible methods to better the safety of tall edifices through improved stuffs engineering were proposed. None of them were considered executable by the bulk of the respondents ( see Table I ) . Blast-resistant glazing may cut down casualties originating from winging glass in the event of a blast ( Madine et al. , 2001 ) but less than 50 per centum of the respondents agreed with utilizing it to better the safety of tall edifices ( item 4.1 ) . Some respondents questioned the extent of protection, particularly in the event of an aircraft or bomb onslaught. One school of idea is to beef up window systems by cramping their corners, so that glass is more hard to interrupt ( Madine et al. , 2001 ) . However, the respondents in the present survey did non hold with this ( item 4.2 ) . One respondent warned of the possibility of over design with immense connexion inside informations, when the beef uping consequence may be limited. Madine et Al. ( 2001 ) suggested adhering the glass into window frames for greater strength as the blast burden could be transferred to the construction of the edifice. Again, respondents were non agreeable to this ( item 4.3 ) . Some respondents considered blast-resistant glazing more effectual than adhering the glazing into window frames to control blast impact, as the strength of glass panel itself is more important. There might be troubles in building and assembly of such Windowss, in position of factors such as thermic consequence and enlargement articulations. Codes and ordinances Three possible methods to better the safety of tall edifices through amendments of codifications and ordinances were proposed. Two of these were accepted by more than 50 per centum of the respondents ( see Table I ) . Respondents did non hold to the infliction of a height bound on edifices ( item 5.2 ) . This is consistent with old surveies ( Angelo, 2001 ; Forgey, 2001 ; Galloway, 2001 ) . In land-scarce metropoliss, holding rigorous height bounds does non let the optimum usage of land. A height bound imposed on a edifice may forestall developers from maximising returns on investing. The bulk of the respondents agreed that codifications may necessitate to be revised to supply for longer flight clip ( item 5.1 ) . Some respondents said that when stipulating the flight clip several factors have to be considered, such as flight waies and obstructors, occupant features ( aged, kid, handicapped, etc. ) and the location of the last individual to get away from the edifice, whether this individual is on the highest floor or at the remotest location in the edifice. It was suggested that the flight clip, if implemented, should bind in with the fire structural demands of edifices. Seventy-nine per centum of the respondents agreed that a really tall edifice should hold a separate design codification ( item 5.3 ) . The chief ground is its possible as a mark for terrorists and a long emptying clip ( Post et al. , 2001 ) . Having a separate design codification may be a good via media between safety and cost, since the codification allows a high appraisal attack to constructing design. The SMExpert from the FSSB said that his organisation has programs to revise the Fire Code every five old ages. Code demands will be refined and amended to take likely terrorist menaces into consideration. Any lacks in edifice demands that may allow terrorist Acts of the Apostless will be identified, and betterments made. The FSSB will besides implement a codification of behavior for firemans in measuring the fortunes for them to come in a edifice under menace. In the USA, security-related codifications and criterions are besides being reviewed ( Ichniowski, 2001 ; Lane, 2001b ; Maas, 2001 ; Pearson, 2001b ) . Decision In the wake of 9/11, the issue of safety in tall edifices was brought into greater focal point. In measuring the safety of tall edifices originating from the 9/11 incident, this survey sought the positions of AEs and edifice governments in the building industry in Singapore. While the respondents in this survey in general perceived tall edifices in Singapore to be safe, there may be sample prejudice because the respondents were involved in the design of edifices and many are public functionaries. Notwithstanding this, with rigorous authorities ordinances, all edifice designs reference functionality, lastingness and fit-for-purpose affairs. The governments interviewed attributed the good safety records of edifices to strict conformity with edifice codifications and an efficient firefighting squad. Notwithstanding this, AEs felt that it is of import to farther better edifice safety ( V7 ) . This survey besides found that edifices in Singapore can defy normal edifice accidents, but are likely to fall in upon aircraft onslaught. This paper found that AEs ( see Table III ) : have the necessary expertness to better edifice safety ( V9 ) ; are doing an attempt to turn to heightened safety concerns ( V10 ) ; will give full support to enterprises to turn to heightened safety concerns ( V11 ) ; agree to carry on hazard appraisal during the design stage ( V13 ) ; and will welcome a performance-based design codification ( V14 ) . These findings indicate that the attack to constructing design may hold to alter after 9/11. While bing designs are equal, respondents besides felt that extra safety steps are necessary ( V12 ) . However, there is no demand to overreact to the point of guaranting that all edifices can defy hydrocarbon fires ( V15 ) and aircraft onslaughts ( V16 ) . The paper contributes to knowledge by bring outing that the four most effectual methods to better the safety of tall edifices are supplying: issue marks with illuming at floor degrees ; a separate design codification for super tall edifices ; fire safety and deliverance floors ; and decentalisation of fire systems. Eight other steps were besides found to be executable ( see Table I ) . A height bound on edifices and limitation of burdens on roof are the most unwanted steps. Future surveies on bettering the design of tall edifices may do usage of these findings. It is recommended that farther surveies into the strength decrease of stuffs subjected to intense fires should be carried out. This is because constructions may be able to defy the impact of aircraft onslaught, but may finally neglect after a decrease in their stuff belongingss with lifting temperature. While many of the methods proposed may be able to better the safety of edifices, increased cost is a critical concern ( Leftly and Lane, 2001 ) . Before the alterations materialize in the codifications, it is necessary to find whether the building industry is able to absorb the new steps and whether AEC professionals and clients are convinced of the demand to beef up edifices further. Safety steps proposed must be practical without doing edifice proprietors bear unneeded costs. Besides seeking to do edifices stronger by supplying redundancy or more back-up beds, it is recommended that the relevant parties explore and detect new agencies to contend fire. Finally, it is of import to look at edifice safety as a whole system alternatively of supplying bit-by-bit back-up beds or increasing the border of safety. Ultimately, each edifice may hold a alone solution depending on factors such as cost, infinite, proficient, economical and political issues. A balance between realistic costs and highly improbable events should be maintained. Table IPossible methods to better the safety of tall edifices Table IIProfile of respondents Table IIIResults of study and statistical trials How to cite Improving The Design Of Buildings After 9 11 Environmental Sciences Essay, Essay examples

The Cedars-Case Study free essay sample

It has a reputation for providing deluxe accommodations and superior service The majority of the employees lived close by and been hired after WWII The employees felt well taken care of and loyalty to the organization was high Turnover has been historically low especially compared to industry averages In the last several years many long-time employees have begun to retire The labor pool in town has diminished with people moving to larger cities for work Retired employees have been replaced by younger people These younger employees live in surrounding areas and must travel several miles The quality of service at The Cedars has deteriorated The building itself and maintenance have still been well cared for The resort is starting to lose long-time customers The reputation is felt to be threatened The GM has met with his executive staff They believe the control systems are breaking down and supervisory personnel need to show more authority to low-level employees The senior employees feel the younger ones are lazy and irresponsible The newer employees believe they have good ideas and no one listens to them The GM was hired 9 months ago to replace the retired manager The owners hoped the new manager would turn the situation around They have seen little evidence of good improvements The owners plan to meet with the GM and his staff to get the resort back in good standing Problem Statement: The resort is experiencing a lack of knowledge for the resort. We will write a custom essay sample on The Cedars-Case Study or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Solution Statement: The resort should establish a detailed description of the resort Pros: The younger employees will have a better understanding of the resort and their job The more seasoned employees will respect the younger employees more The General manager will have a new viewpoint on his job The resort will regain its reputation Cons: The younger employees may not be too willing to learn The older employees may be stubborn and feel they should already know everything The general manager will use a lot of his time on learning himself The employees as a whole may have trouble working together at first Solution: Based on what I have learned about the resort and the current situation, I think it is very important to establish some background history learning’s for the younger employees. If the employees know some history about the resort they will appreciate it better as well as the older employees. The General Manager, since he is rather new, should also take the time to learn about the resort and what made it so valuable a few years back and why everyone loved it so much. If the boss is knowledgeable, he can teach his employees how to do things differently and everyone can grow as a whole. The more seasoned employees will see that the younger employees are trying to better themselves at work and as people and gain more respect towards the younger employees. If everyone works together and knows their boundaries, there will be less run-ins and less guest dissatisfaction. As a whole, the resorts reputation will be restored and harmony will be in place.

Generic Strategic Approach-Free-Sample for Students-Myassignment

Question: Justify the generic strategic approach you have chosen. In this section do not merely repeat the advantages from the previous section. Explain why your chosen strategy is appropriate (e.g. better than others) in terms of its suitability, feasibility, and acceptability. Answer: Strategy selection Due to the environmental changes, organizations need to change their business strategies to adapt the change in the environment to stay competitive in the market. Strategic choice and evaluation is important for the companies to operate the business successfully in the market. This report focuses on a generic strategy which is effective for the sustainable business operations. For the discussion, one of the generic strategies, differentiation strategy is selected (Crossan, 2011). Differentiation strategy Differentiating goods and services are helpful in satisfying the needs of the customers by the sustainable competitive advantage. Differentiation strategy is helpful for the companies to desensitize the prices and focus on the values for the customers. The differentiation strategy requires segmenting the market based on needs of the target customers. Differentiation strategy is focused on the development of the products and services that provides unique attributes which are valued by the customers. By the differentiation strategy, customers always seek for the different product from the competitors. Companies are trying to provide uniqueness to the customers while providing products and services to them. The differentiation strategy includes achieving competitive advantage by pinpointing the characteristics of product or service that is perceived valuable by the customers. Along with this, differentiation strategy is helpful in positioning the company to meet the demands of the customers to deal with the competition (Kaplan Norton, 2006). Differentiation provides strength the company against competitors and competitive rivalry due to brand loyalty by the customers. Further, it increases margins which avoid low-cost position. Differentiation can also provide entry barriers for the new entrants in the market so that customer loyal ty and product or services uniqueness can be enhanced. The companies have differentiated themselves to get customer loyalty for the better position in the market. The selected strategy is better than others in terms of suitability, feasibility and acceptability (Gruca Rego, 2009). Suitability The differentiation strategy is suitable and compatible for the business operations and the expected external environment. The differentiation strategy is perceived to be suitable within the political, social, legal and environmental aspects of the company in the market. Along with this, customers and demand in the market also play an important role in the suitability analysis of the strategy. In case of suitability of strategy, differentiation strategy is helpful for the company to identify the opportunities in the market and deal with the threats in the environment (Graham, 2008). Differentiation strategy is helpful in capitalizing the strength and core competences of the company. It is also congruent with the existing culture and alignment with broader political, environment and social context of the company. In terms of suitability factor, differentiation strategy is suitable for the company in managing external environment. Feasibility Feasibility focuses on the resources to pursue the strategic choice. Feasibility analysis includes the internal capabilities of the company. Differentiation strategies for the companies are feasible to implement in the business operations. In the market, differentiation strategies are helpful to focus the customers, and material focus on the suppliers. This enhances the relationship with the suppliers and customers by identifying their needs and requirements. Evaluating strategic options in terms of feasibility means to verify the capability of the company to deliver the strategy (Payne Holt, 2008). This ability can be assessed based on the core competencies and resources of the company. For instance, Samsung has invested huge amount of money and resources to build the image, innovative technology, and brand value and competition position in all over the world. Differentiation strategy is feasible for the company as the company is able to improve its abilities of reducing manufactur ing costs and providing cheaper products with the desired quality (Braun Latham, 2014). Acceptability Acceptability mainly focuses on the performance results of the selected strategy in the business. Acceptability of differentiation strategy can be analyzed based on the risk and return of the company. Risks are evident of the business. No business can be operated without the element of risk. So, it is very important to take into account of risk factors while planning and implementing the differentiation strategy in the business. While focusing on the product development and market development options, various internal and external risk factors should be taken into account. For instance, in the company Apple, differentiation is one of the best strategies to be implemented. Based on the situational analyses it is observed that this strategy is the finest strategy for Apple to expand the business internationally (Ferrell Hartline, 2008). Apple can adopt market development strategy by focusing on the strategic alliances to move forward in the market. The method of strategic alliances bu t the method includes risks for the company in terms of financial loss. So, by differentiation strategy, company can enter in the unexplored market without fear of huge loss. On the other hand, company needs to be careful in the differentiation strategy. There is no doubt that Apple is fully capable in providing differentiated and unique product due to RD capabilities and technological advancements but reducing the cost of operations and selecting new vendors for some products can be challenging. These may need extensive research and lots of time in order to make the products unique in the market (Biggadike, E2010). Based on the above analysis, it is observed that the selection if the strategic choice is not easy for the companies. In order to select right strategy for the business, companies need to analyze external and internal environments of the market to get knowledge about the needs and requirements of the customers. The factors suitability, feasibility and acceptability provide logical and comprehensive approach for the selected strategy. Differentiation strategy is helpful for the company for continuous involvement in the market for the growth and development. It can be said that differentiation strategy can generate effective results in terms of increasing market share, competitive advantage, increasing customer base and higher projects in the market. References Biggadike, E. R. (2010). The contributions of marketing to strategic management: Academy of Management Review. 6. 621-632 Braun, M. Latham, S. (2014). Mastering Strategy. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO. Crossan, M. M., (2011). Strategic Analysis and Action. (8th). Pearson Education Canada. Ferrell, O. C., Hartline, M. D. (2008). Marketing Strategy. (4th). Mason: Thomson Corporation. 117 Graham, H., (2008). Marketing Strategy and Competitive Positioning. (4th). Pearson Education India Gruca, T. S. Rego, L. L. (2009). Customer Satisfaction, Cash Flow and Shareholder Value: Journal of Marketing. 69. 11530 Kaplan, R., Norton, D. (2006). How to implement a new strategy without disrupting your organization: Harvard Business Review. 100-109 Payne, A., Holt, S., (2008). Diagnosing Customer Value: Integrating the Value Process and Relationship Marketing: British Journal of Management. 12 (2). pp 159 - 182.